from Abed's chard in "American Poulty" and full of referents to other texts and previous episodes of Community.
One of the cruxes for the comedy in Community (or at least
in the episodes we viewed in class: (Contemporary American Poultry and Epidemiology) is the use of intertextuality (awareness of
other texts) and self-reflexivity (awareness of its own text-ness), both of
which combine to create a “reality” inside of the show, that is thousands of
steps removed from lived reality.
When I re-viewed parts of the “Epidemiology Episode,” I
noticed a comment from a viewer claiming that the characters’ brushing off
their zombie wounds after their memories of the zombie-like incident had been
“erased” was “unrealistic.” Which is interesting, because while there is a
long-standing IMR-ish rule that action doesn’t have to be realistic to the
real-world’s standards to be believable, but that there does have to be some
established scope of reality, with limits, for a viewer to find characters
well-motivated and “believable.” To this
viewer, then, the zombie incident upon which this episode was based was within
that diegesis, but the characters’ complicit response to the government
cover-up was not.
The construction of such a world as that of Community, is a
multi-faceted illustration of Baudrillard’s “Similacrum.” The diegetic world of Community is a farcical
copy of the diegetic world of the texts it references (In the case of the
Poultry episode it was Goodfellas and
mobster films, where the Epidemiology episode was framed around every sort of
Zombie movie.) These films being
referenced are themselves several steps removed from any semblance of reality
as well. And so the obvious non-reality
of Community serves to make it almost seem as though the diegesis of a movie
like Goodfellas is somehow more
“real” when that film is arguably equally distanced from reality, just less
self-reflexive about it’s distance.
The interesting thing about the plethora of intertextual
cues in these episodes, is that the writing is structured so that the viewer
can proceed with the story whether or not they fully “understood” the context
of the “joke.” The characters are
constantly quoting or mirroring dialogue from other texts, and almost no viewer
is going to catch every reference in a single viewing, no matter how
well-informed. In this way the texts
being referenced become like the first order language signifier in Barthes’
Myth/Language analogy. In order to
arrive at “the” or “a” meaning of the second order Mythical sign of what is
meant by a given sequence, the actual context of the original signifier being
referenced is far from necessary. It
might be helpful for a viewer to have a vague idea of the language sign that
might be constructed by the combination of the language signifier and it’s
signified, but Barthes insists that the signs of language are ultimately
arbitrary, whereas the signs of myth are “always motivated, and unavoidably
contain some analogy.”
So, in the Epidemiology episode,
when Troy insists that he “doesn’t need to know which Dracula [he] is to be a
Dracula.” The meaning of this gag is
only vaguely enhanced by a viewer having ever engaged with any actual text of
Dracula. The only information that is
relevant is the knowledge that Dracula is the name of a particular vampire, and
that Troy has conflated the term “Vampire” with “Dracula” in his mind. The fact that prior to Bram Stoker’s novel
the word “Dracula” was simply a referent to the surname of the house of Drăculești is so far removed from the myth at hand as to be
irrelevant. As Barthes pointed out, “A
more attentive reading of the myth will in no way increase its power or its
ineffectiveness: a myth is at the same time imperfectible and unquestionable;
time or knowledge will not make it better or worse.”
Thus in the repeated
references to other texts, or to Community itself as a text, function as both a
simulacrum and as a turnstile of myth. A
viewer’s ability to notice and derive a mythological sign or meaning from each
of them, allows the viewer to engage with the text on varying levels at each
encounter. So, for example in the ,
Poultry episode, when Abed sends everyone a message, it is still funny and
still works for a viewer who is not familiar with Goodfellas, but a viewer
familiar with the referenced text may catch the “Layla” theme from that film
playing and have their observation confirmed, which, for the purposes of the
myth at hand, reduces the entirety of the Goodfellas text to a single “signified
language” sign functioning as a signifier in Community’s Mythical sign.
Ultimately, the degree of self-reflexivity in the show allows it great leeway with its diegetic world, as the plot of the Epidemiology episode illustrates. But that tremendous space for lateral play also serves to make other constructed “realities”, especially those that are being overtly and implicitly referenced seem far more “real” than they actually are, when all fictional worlds are completely constructed.
References:
Baudrillard, Jean. The Precession of Simulacra. 1981. Trans. Paul Foss and Paul Patton.The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. New York: Norton, 2001. 1556-566. Print.
Barthes, Roland, and Annette Lavers. "Myth Today." Mythologies. New York: Hill and Wang, 1972. 1-11. Print.
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